Accessing database
from JSP
Introduction
In This article I am going to discuss the connectivity from MYSQL database with JSP.we take a example of Books database. This database contains a table named books_details. This table contains three fields- id, book_name& author. we starts from very beginning. First we learn how to create tables in MySQl database after that we write a html page for inserting the values in 'books_details' table in database. After submitting values a table will be showed that contains the book name and author name.
Database
The database in example consists of a single table of three columns or fields. The database name is "books" and it contains information about books names & authors.
Table:books_details
| ID | Book Name | Author |
| 1. | Java I/O | Tim Ritchey |
| 2. |
Java & XML,2 Edition
| Brett McLaughlin |
| 3. | Java Swing, 2nd Edition |
Dave Wood, Marc Loy,
|
Start MYSQL prompt and type this SQL statement & press Enter-
MYSQL>CREATE DATABASE `books` ;
This will create "books" database.
Now we create table a table "books_details" in database "books".
MYSQL>CREATE TABLE `books_details` (
`id` INT( 11 ) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT ,
`book_name` VARCHAR( 100 ) NOT NULL ,
`author` VARCHAR( 100 ) NOT NULL ,
PRIMARY KEY ( `id` )
) TYPE = MYISAM ;
This will create a table "books_details" in database "books"
JSP Code
The following code contains html for user interface & the JSP backend-
<%@ page language="java" import="java.sql.*" %>
<%
String driver = "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver";
Class.forName(driver).newInstance();
Connection con=null;
ResultSet rst=null;
Statement stmt=null;
try{
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/books?user=
<user>&password=<password>";
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
stmt=con.createStatement();
}
catch(Exception e){
System.out.println(e.getMessage());
}
if(request.getParameter("action") != null){
String bookname=request.getParameter("bookname");
String author=request.getParameter("author");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into books_details(book_name,
author) values('"+bookname+"','"+author+"')");
rst=stmt.executeQuery("select * from books_details");
%>
<html>
<body>
<center>
<h2>Books List</h2>
<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding
="0">
<tr>
<td><b>S.No</b></td>
<td><b>Book Name</b></td>
<td><b>Author</.b></td>
</tr>
<%
int no=1;
while(rst.next()){
%>
<tr>
<td><%=no%></td>
<td><%=rst.getString("
book_name")%></td>
<td> <%=rst.getString("author")
%> </td>
</tr>
<%
no++;
}
rst.close();
stmt.close();
con.close();
%>
</table>
</center>
</body>
</html>
<%}else{%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Book Entry FormDocument</title>
<script language="javascript">
function validate(objForm){
if(objForm.bookname.value.length==0){
alert("Please enter Book Name!");
objForm.bookname.focus();
return false;
}
if(objForm.author.value.length==0){
alert("Please enter Author name!");
objForm.author.focus();
return false;
}
return true;
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<center>
<form action="BookEntryForm.jsp" method="post"
name="entry" onSubmit="return
validate(this)">
<input type="hidden" value="list" name="action">
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td>
<table>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<h2>Book Entry Form</h2></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Book Name:</td>
<td><input name="bookname" type=
"text" size="50"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Author:</td><td><input name=
"author" type="text" size="50"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" align="center">
<input type="submit" value="Submit"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</center>
</body>
</html>
<%}%>
|
Now we explain the above codes.
Declaring Variables: Java is a strongly typed language which means, that variables must be explicitly declared before use and must be declared with the correct data types. In the above example code we declare some variables for making connection. Theses variables are-
Connection con=null;
ResultSet rst=null;
Statement stmt=null;
The objects of type Connection, ResultSet and Statement are associated with the Java sql. "con" is a Connection type object variable that will hold Connection type object. "rst" is a ResultSet type object variable that will hold a result set returned by a database query. "stmt" is a object variable of Statement .Statement Class methods allow to execute any query.
Connection to database: The first task of this programmer is to load database driver. This is achieved using the single line of code :-
String driver = "org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver";
Class.forName(driver).newInstance();
The next task is to make a connection. This is done using the single line of code :-
String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost/books?user=<userName>&password=<password>";
con=DriverManager.getConnection(url);
When url is passed into getConnection() method of DriverManager class it returns connection object.
Executing Query or Accessing data from database:
This is done using following code :-
stmt=con.createStatement(); //create a Statement object
rst=stmt.executeQuery("select * from books_details");
stmt is the Statement type variable name and rst is the RecordSet type variable. A query is always executed on a Statement object.
A Statement object is created by calling createStatement() method on connection object con.
The two most important methods of this Statement interface are executeQuery() and executeUpdate(). The executeQuery() method executes an SQL statement that returns a single ResultSet object. The executeUpdate() method executes an insert, update, and delete SQL statement. The method returns the number of records affected by the SQL statement execution.
After creating a Statement ,a method executeQuery() or executeUpdate() is called on Statement objectstmt and a SQL query string is passed in method executeQuery() or executeUpdate().
This will return a ResultSet rst related to the query string.
Reading values from a ResultSet:
while(rst.next()){
%>
<tr><td><%=no%></td><td><%=rst.getString("book_name")%></td><td><%=rst.getString("author")%></td></tr>
<%
}
The ResultSet represents a table-like database result set. A ResultSet object maintains a cursor pointing to its current row of data. Initially, the cursor is positioned before the first row. Therefore, to access the first row in the ResultSet, you use the next() method. This method moves the cursor to the next record and returns true if the next row is valid, and false if there are no more records in theResultSet object.
Other important methods are getXXX() methods, where XXX is the data type returned by the method at the specified index, including String, long, and int. The indexing used is 1-based. For example, to obtain the second column of type String, you use the following code:
resultSet.getString(2);
You can also use the getXXX() methods that accept a column name instead of a column index. For instance, the following code retrieves the value of the column LastName of type String.
resultSet.getString("book_name");
The above example shows how you can use the next() method as well as the getString()method. Here you retrieve the 'book_name' and 'author' columns from a table called 'books_details'. You then iterate through the returned ResultSet and print all the book name and author name in the format " book name | author " to the web page.
Summary:
This article presents JDBC and shows how you can manipulate data in a relational database from your JSP page. To do this, you need to use the java.sql package: DriverManager, Connection,Statement, and ResultSet. Keep in mind, however, that this is only an introduction. To create a Web application, you need JDBC to use more features such as prepared statements and connection pooling.
When you click on the above link a Book Entry Form will open
Fill the book name and author fields and press Submit button. A page will open and show a table of book name and authors like...
Execute the example.